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The Adventure Alternative:

Many people have a basic desire for some form of adventure and excitement in their lives that can be satisfied in different ways. For some it may be the thrill of watching an exciting film or TV drama, or a natural phenomenon such as the recent violent storms. Others seek the thrill of more dangerous activities not knowing the outcome. But thrilling experiences are no longer the preserve of a limited number of participants.

Working underground in coal mines or other industrial environments was a daunting experience for those who had little choice in employment. It was hardly surprising that the Youth Hostels Association had its roots in Northumberland during the 1930s to provide basic accommodation to help young people of limited means to enjoy the country side.

Growing up in the post war era will have indelible memories for this generation, with some common factors such as cold rooms, tin baths and outside toilets. Children ‘played out’ and residential streets were considered safe places to play unaccompanied. Children were encouraged to be adventurous. Some got dirty climbing trees and lamp posts and grazed knees were common as short trousers were worn. TV was rare and radio programmes were an important source of tales of adventure. Proper winters added to the excitement and adventure before ‘Health and Safety’ curtailed the opportunities to ‘slide on the ice,’ either on frozen ponds or on the school yard. Improvised pram wheels were also put to an alternative use to construct ‘bogies’ of various sizes which were also used in races.

Cornish has chronicled a period of immense social change and, in the days before skate parks, mountain bikes, computers, theme parks and colour TV, he observed socially acceptable adventure which could be found in the immediate environment. His observations of children growing up in communities throughout the country show another slice of their life and times.

Culture and Heritage: An artist’s tale.

When Cornish’s family had the rather sad task of dismantling his studio in 2014 all sorts of materials, equipment, incomplete paintings and scraps of paper were uncovered. Many of the papers contained the scribbled notes of his thoughts at various times as he worked, and some of them appear as comments in italics related to many of the drawings and paintings in ‘Behind The Scenes: The Norman Cornish Sketchbooks.’

Many families throughout the country will have had some association in their history with mining communities, including the culture and heritage therein. One of the characteristics of such communities in the late 19th Century was that almost every colliery had a Brass Band. The apogee was reached towards the beginning of the 20th century with approximately 5,000 bands, although today this has reduced to 1,200. The bands were ambassadors for the coal industry. They provided concerts, and at the annual Durham Miners’ Gala, miners and their families paraded through Durham City behind their own colliery band.

The following story was found on one of the scraps of paper.

A story told me (Cornish) by George Heslop.

He worked in the mine near Alfie Coates. Now this gentleman was a great Euphoniumist. Perhaps the best in England at the time. Alfie had just acquired a new radio and invited George up to hear it as George was also keen on music. George did duly visit him for this reason and found Alfie just in from work, black and unwashed (no pithead baths then). He was delighted to see George and insisted on playing his Euphonium for George. This was done sitting on the fire fender dressed only in his ‘hoggers.’ His wife had made a hasty retreat as she had heard it all before. Alfie asked George if he had any particular tune in mind. George had been very impressed by a cornet solo called ‘Perfection Polka’ which had been played during a concert at the Cambridge (local theatre) by St Hilda’s Colliery Band. Alfie said it was pathetically simple to play but effective, and he played it (as promised) with one finger. It was mostly triple- tongue work. I find this story fascinating. Imagine today a nationally famous musician sitting almost naked and black with coal dust on his heart fender giving a recital.

Men of great talent and intellect had little choice in their route to employment, usually following in their father’s footsteps to become miners. Despite the dangerous working conditions and shabby treatment by coal owners and managers, much dignity, pride and respect was retained through their hobbies, interests and camaraderie. Some of the men went on to become great writers, musicians, gardeners, journalists, politicians, experts in their own field and even highly acclaimed artists…

Viaducts

The development of the first steam railways from 1825 inevitably inspired some construction and engineering solutions to overcome the physical barriers to the growth of the rail network. A plethora of viaducts connecting rail tracks in challenging environments soon became prominent features throughout the country. Many have stood the test of time and continue to be fully operational as well as acquiring high status, such as the Glen Finnan viaduct featured in one of the Harry Potter films. The Ribblehead viaduct is another spectacular feature which attracts rail enthusiasts on the Carlisle to Settle line.

Viaducts have also attracted the attention of many artists over the years for a variety of reasons, such as their architectural beauty or simply their fascinating shapes. L.S. Lowry was noted for his interest in the Stockport viaduct (Edgeley viaduct) which carries the West Coast Main Line across the valley of the River Mersey in Stockport, Greater Manchester. This particular feature was originally known as one of the largest brick structures in the UK when constructed in 1840.

The North East of England was also well endowed with viaducts on the line from Berwick- upon - Tweed through to Durham and on to Croxdale, and Newton Cap (Bishop Auckland) to name but a few of the total number of 171 viaducts designed to cross rivers and overcome undulating physical features.

Norman Cornish and Sid Chaplin were workmates at the Dean and Chapter Colliery, Ferryhill for many years. They were also members of The Spennymoor Settlement, that cradle of creativity which enabled local people to develop their talents during a time of cultural despair. Cornish often travelled to Newcastle to spend some time at The Stone Gallery and he would occasionally arrange to ‘meet up’ with Sid Chaplin who was writing in his novels about the things that Cornish was drawing. Tyneside also provided much inspiration in terms of new subjects to draw and one day Sid accompanied Cornish for a walk through the Byker area of Tyneside. Sid had featured the area in two of his novels published in the early 70s: ‘The Day of the Sardine’ and ‘The Watchers and the Watched.’

“ I remember showing Norman Byker Bridge. He made a drawing, then shook his head. ‘It’s all Lowry.’ The drawing was sterile – not because it was Lowry’s subject – but because it straddled another world, and to re-create the bridge he must know the people who use it or live around it.” Sid Chaplin

This remarkable drawing is featured today. Just consider for a moment the challenge for Cornish of holding a double- page sketchbook on one hand/forearm, and quickly using his favourite Flo-master pen to record the Byker Bridge viaduct without any errors! The drawing was only discovered when family members catalogued the 269 sketchbooks belonging to Cornish during one week in August 2012. Unusual viewpoints of the Durham viaduct and Newton Cap (Bishop Auckland) are also included and they also feature in ‘Behind The Scenes: The Norman Cornish Sketchbooks.’ Sadly, the drawing of the Byker Bridge was never developed into a painting although the Byker district of Newcastle became the setting (1989-2006) for the CBBC teen drama ‘Byker Grove.’

Going to the Dogs

You may have wondered why men and dogs feature so often in pictures by Cornish. ‘Man at Bar’ with dog was a picture which had pride of place in the Cornish home at Spennymoor. At first glance this appears to be a relatively simple composition. However, cover the beer pumps with one hand or the rear legs of the dog and watch what happens to the composition and also note what Cornish refers to as the curvilinear shapes appearing throughout all aspects of the man and dog.

‘Two Men at a Bar with Dog’ is equally interesting, not only in terms of composition but also for the remarkable story revealed several years ago about the two men themselves, Joe Hughes and Tosser Angus. The full story may be enjoyed on page 85 of ‘Behind The Scenes: The Norman Cornish Sketchbooks’ and is worthy of wider recognition recalling that they were two miners conscripted into the army at the outbreak of WW2. They survived Dunkirk, fought their way through North Africa, liberated Italy and finally returned to work underground at Whitworth Colliery. The dog in the painting was called ‘Piper,’ a tradition within the Durham Light Infantry for owners to name dogs after instruments.

Dogs and their owners appear in all sorts of locations drawn and painted by Cornish, along with individual studies of Greyhounds and Whippets. Dogs in different settings appear in many of the bar scenes and will be well known to admirers of his work from that era during the 50s and 60s. There is no doubt that greyhound racing was part of the cultural landscape of the time in Spennymoor and probably accounted for the large number of owners and dogs.

An initial attempt to introduce Greyhound Racing to Spennymoor in 1938 was unsuccessful. However, after the war, a site for a new Greyhound Stadium was proposed for Spennymoor and located at the old brickworks off Merrington Lane, near Low Spennymoor. The stadium opened in 1950. This was big business with race day on Monday at 7pm, and occasionally Thursday and Saturday evenings. A licensed club was provided for patrons and there were 60 kennels for the greyhounds. The whole activity would also include ‘the dark arts’ of conditioning, diet and exercise for the dogs to win prizes at races. The experience of owning and training offered the opportunity for local people to enjoy a ‘night out at the dogs’ as a different form of post war entertainment. Sadly social change also encroached upon the ‘dog track,’ which closed in 1998. The only reminder of the stadium is the nearby public house that has stood for over 100 years and changed its name to the ‘Winning Post.’

Piper, owned by Joe Hughes and Tosser Angus eventually became one of the top racing greyhounds in England and the winnings were able to pay for a holiday with their wives in Rome.

Self Portraits

For artists, self- portraiture represents the whole artist - in other words, how he sees himself, what he's feeling, and how he wants to be seen by others. It's not necessarily about creating a realistic image, instead, it's often an exercise in self-exploration.

One of the most famous artists to influence Cornish was Rembrandt. In his early days Rembrandt began inserting his own portrait as a by-stander or participant in some of his most famous works such as ‘The Night Watch’. Only his eye and a beret are visible, but this elusive figure is believed to be how Rembrandt wedged himself into his most famous work.

Nearly 80 self –portraits are attributed to Rembrandt and it was quite common in his era for other artists to also place themselves in a significant painting. Some may recall the film-producer Alfred Hitchcock who was also keen to have a short ‘walk on’ part in his films.

Throughout his career Cornish also engaged in self-portraiture to stunning effect. These exist from the early days until his final ‘Self-portrait with spectacles,’ oil on board, which occupied a prominent position in the family home at Whitworth Terrace, at the top of the staircase. Twenty eight self-portraits are known to exist and, like some other subjects, it’s quite possible that others may appear in the future from private collections.

The self-portraits are interesting in other ways, showing a variation in medium and the ageing process up to his final self-portrait which was completed in the early seventies.

When Cornish was working on the ‘Miners’ Gala Mural’ for the new County Hall in 1962 it was important for Cornish to place himself in the picture with his son John on his shoulders. This reinforced his sense of belonging to a community of which he was rightly proud. Their position on the extreme left of the mural is also fundamental to the composition.

The Mural, originally hung at County Hall, may be viewed at Bishop Auckland Town Hall gallery and is well worth a visit and also includes a new art gallery and excellent café. More importantly, see if you can spot the location of the artist with his son on his shoulders.

l artist actually lasted for over forty years, a fact that is often overlooked or mis-understood.